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February 16, 2007

The Julesrod Collection - 1500-Year-Old Statues

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julsrud.jpgAbout 50 years ago, an amateur archaeologist named Val Julesrod discovered some unearthed clay figurines along a trench at the base of Bull Mountain in Mexico. When speaking to local farmers, he learned that these were frequently encountered in shallow burials, in groups of from 20 to 40 pieces each, in a wide strip of land at the base of the mountain. He eventually began collecting and then excavating the area for more of these figurines and eventually had a collection of over thirty thousand!

The collection seems to have been the result of two distinct cultures. The oldest, stylized figures with large eyes and lips (above), were somewhat familiar to historians and resembled those of a culture that was known to exist in the area thousands of years before Columbus. Indeed, radiocarbon dating on these figures shows that they are 3500 years old. The other figures serve as the main controversy. They depict animals that strongly resemble camels, elephants, horses-- animals not indigenous to the area-- but also exact replications of certain dinosaur species thought to have been extinct for over 60 million years!

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The latter collection seems to be made from a singular clay source and has been dated to 1500 years old. This presents some problems to the current historical paradigm. Dinosaurs have been dug up and serious attempts to assemble their petrified remains only within the past 150 years. As early as two hundred years ago, the very existence of these gigantic creatures was largely unknown. In fact, new species are even now being discovered, buried deep in ancient Jurassic strata all over the world. Back 1500 years ago, the knowledge of dinosaurs was virtually unknown. Or was it?

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January 7, 2007

The Mysterious Ica Stones

There are explorers who believe in the possibility that some dinosaurs somehow survived extinction 60 million years ago and continue to live in isolated, largely unexplored areas of African rain forest. The only evidence for their existence, however, are stories told by natives of the region who claim to have seen such fantastic creatures. Perhaps new expeditions to these remote areas will someday find better, harder evidence, if there's any to be found.

But what if there were already better evidence that at least some dinosaurs had survived long enough to coexist with humans? Evidence better than just stories. What if early humans had actually etched pictures of dinosaurs on rock faces. That would constitute pretty good proof, wouldn't it?

ica_1.jpgSuch rocks exist.

Known collectively as the Ica Stones (they are found in Ica, Peru), these rocks, varying in size from that of a baseball to twice that of a basketball, are hand-etched with pictures of primitive fish, dinosaurs and Indians using what appear to be tools of advanced technology. The problem is, the age of these rocks cannot be verified. But they are intriguing, and they have delighted tourists and mystified researchers for decades.

Where Did They Come From?

The Ica Stones first came to the attention of the scientific community in 1966 when Dr Javier Cabrera, a local physician, received a small, carved rock for his birthday from a poor native. The carving on the rock looked ancient to Dr Cabrera, but intrigued him because it seemed to depict a primitive fish. Hearing that the doctor was interested in the stone, local natives began to bring him more, which they collected from a river bank (not far from the famous Nazca lines). This soon developed into a vast collection of more than 15,000 stones, many etched with impossible scenes. Whereas it might be difficult to prove that the fish represented a long-extinct species, as Dr Cabrera thought, other scenes carved on other stones are not so ambiguous. They clearly depict such dinosaurs as triceratops, stegosaurus, apatosaurus and human figures riding on the backs of flying pterodactyls. What's more, some of the scenes are of men hunting and killing dinosaurs. Others show men watching the heavens through what look like telescopes, performing open-heart surgery and cesarean section births.

How could this be? Modern man is only about 2 million years old and dinosaurs are thought to have become extinct about 60 million years ago. There are three possibilities:

  •   a human civilization existed during the age of the dinosaurs
  •   dinosaurs survived to coexist with man
  •   the stones are an elaborate hoax.

The stones themselves are composed of andesite, a very hard mineral that would make etching quite difficult with primitive tools. They are covered with a natural varnish that is created by bacteria over thousands of years. The etching is made by scraping away this dark varnish to reveal the lighter mineral beneath. According to some reports, examinations of the stones show that the grooves of the etchings also bear traces of additional varnish, however, indicating that they are very old.

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Ica natives had been selling such stones to the tourist trade. In fact, when one man was arrested for selling them (if the stones are genuine artifacts, they would be the property of the government and therefore illegal to sell), he confessed to carving the images himself. Those who believe the carvings are authentic suspect that the confession was made to avoid jail. Yet natives of the area can be seen today making etchings on stones in the style of the Ica Stones to sell to tourists. But the distinction between their product and the "genuine" stones is that the newly etched stones clearly scrape away all of the varnish.

Dating the Stones

Unfortunately, it's impossible to date the Ica Stones themselves. Radiocarbon dating can only be used on artifacts that contain organic material, which the stones do not. Rocks can only be dated by examining the strata in which they are found, but since the Ica Stones were uncovered by the erosion of a river bank (or in an unidentified cave, depending on which story you believe), the strata of their original resting place is unknown.

The implications of these stones are incredible. Perhaps too incredible. If they are authentic, they change everything we know about the history of human life on Earth.

Authentic or Hoax?

Let's again look at the three possibilities:

icafish.jpgAn advanced human civilization existed at the time of the dinosaurs. This is the theory favoured by Dr Cabrera. He believes the stones are the record left by an advanced civilization. He contends that the stones constitute a library of this civilization's knowledge of medicine, astronomy, prehistoric animals and aeronautics, and that they fled (as the stones indicate) to another planet in the advent of some natural catastrophe. Does this make sense? Why would a people advanced enough to build telescopes, perform complicated surgery and capable of interstellar travel leave records crudely etched on rocks? Why are they depicted hunting dinosaurs with primitive weapons? There is no other evidence of this advanced civilization.

Dinosaurs survived to coexist with humans. This is theoretically possible, but there is no fossil record of triceratops, stegosaurus or any other dinosaur being alive in the same era as humans. Some fundamentalist Christians, who contend that the Earth is only a few thousand years old, believe that there is fossil evidence of dinosaur and human footprints found together in such places as the Paluxy riverbed. These conclusions are, of course, hotly contested by scientists.

They are a hoax. This seems to be the most likely and logical conclusion. Yet anyone with an interest in these curiosities would welcome a thorough, rigorous scientific investigation and examination of the stones, rather than dismissing them out of hand simply because their implications are too fantastic. A scientific study would put the matter to rest.

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January 4, 2007

The Dropa Stones

In 1938, Chinese archaeologists discover strange stone disks in a remote mountain cave, and they may contain an incredible message.

dropa1.jpgThe Discovery

The gray overcast sky hung low in the isolated valley on the cool autumn afternoon. The surrounding mountain peaks had been masked by the heavy clouds for days. A deep rumble shook the ground, sending animals scurrying and startling birds from their roosts in the trees. The thunder-like rumbling from above the clouds grew louder. The valley had never heard thunder like this. The rumbling intensified to a heavy roar. A small group of hunters stalking deer cast their eyes to the sky, expecting the clouds to break open from the deafening thunder with a torrent of rain. But this wasn't thunder at all. A bright flash burst forth from the ceiling of clouds. The hunters realized this was not lightning. They had never seen anything like this before. A glowing orb streaked through the sky above their heads as they watched in dazed disbelief. The orb wobbled and veered as it fell, as if it were trying to fight gravity and keep itself from smashing into the ground. The hunters readied their weapons, not knowing what threat this mystery from the sky might present. Suddenly the thundering roar stopped, and the orb made one final veer and a slight upward turn before slamming into the earth. The hunters were nearly knocked off their feet from the shockwave. The thing - whatever it was - hit the ground just beyond a line of trees, perhaps an hour's walk away, the hunters estimated. A cloud of dirt and leaves rose above the tree line. The hunters debated whether or not they should investigate. Each of them was afraid, but none was willing to admit it. Tightly gripping their weapons, they headed in the direction of the great thing from the clouds. They'd have to hurry; evening was drawing near. The sun had already set behind the mountains by the time they made their way through the sparse growth of trees. Then there it was before them. An indescribable thing, half as high as the trees and reflecting the remaining light of the day like a huge, wet, shiny rock. The hunters couldn't find the words to speak of what this thing might be - a shape completely alien to their experience. They stared at it, hesitant to move closer. Then ... a hole appeared in the side of the great shiny thing ... and something was moving inside. The year, by our calendar, was about 10,000 B.C.

Obviously, the details of this story are fictionalised, but if the interpretation of an exciting discovery made in 1938 is correct, this is a true story. The story of the Dropa.

What the Professor Found

The story of the Dropa for us begins in the same place, but the year is 1938. The mountains are the Baian-Kara-Ula mountains on the border that divides China and Tibet. An archaeological expedition, led by Chi Pu Tei, has trudged into the barely accessible mountain range, and has happened upon some caves that had obviously been occupied by a primitive people long ago. But what he and his team find in these remote caves is something highly unusual and, if verified, could change everything we know about our distant past.

Not all of the facts of this case are clear and, as you'll understand later, difficult to verify. Some of the details are contradictory, fuzzy, or may have been sensationalized by imaginative writers. But even if part of this story is true, it represents one of the greatest discoveries of our age.

Chi Pu Tei, a professor of archaeology at Beijing University, was leading some his students on an expedition to survey a series of interlinking caves in the Himalayan mountains. According to one account, the caves may have been artificially carved, and were more like a complex system of tunnels and underground storerooms. The walls were squared and glazed, as if cut into the mountain with a source of extreme heat. Inside the caves were several ancient, but neatly arranged burial sites, and in them the skeletal remains of a strange people. The skeletons, measuring a little more than four feet tall, were frail and spindly with disproportionately large skulls. At first. it was suggested by a member of the team that these might be the remains of an unknown species of mountain gorilla. Professor Chi Pu Tei is reputed to have responded, "Who ever heard of apes burying one another?" Yet, what kind of human was this?

Two of the disks.More discoveries made further in the caves all but ruled out the idea that these were apes. On the walls were carved pictograms of the heavens: the sun, the moon, the stars, and the Earth with lines of dots connecting them. Then the team made the most incredible discovery of all. Half-buried in the dirt floor of the cave was an odd stone disk, obviously fashioned by the hand of an intelligent creature. The disk was approximately nine inches in diameter and three-quarters of an inch thick. In the exact center was a perfectly round, 3/4" hole, and etched in its face was a fine groove spiraling out from the center to the rim, making the disk look for all the world like some kind of primitive phonograph record.

This one plate, dated to be between 10,000 and 12,000 years old - older by far than the great pyramids of Egypt - was fantastic enough, but the wonder was multiplied manyfold. In all, 716 such plates were found. And each held an incredible secret. The groove, upon further inspection, was not a groove at all, but a continuous line of strange carved hieroglyphics - writing!

The tiny, almost microscopic characters were in a language never encountered before. It wasn't until 1962 that another Chinese scientist was able to decode the message of the stone plates - a message so incredible and earth-shattering that the Prehistory Department of the Beijing Academy prohibited its translation to be published. Eventually, the message was published, and what is says will astound you.

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The Message

Dr. Tsum Um Nui knew how the disks, as remarkable as they were, had been simply labeled along with other finds of the expedition and stored away at Beijing University for 20 years. During that time, others had attempted to decipher the strange inscriptions, but without success. Perhaps now, in 1962, he could.

The professor painstakingly transcribed the characters from the disk to paper. The writing was so small he had to use a magnifying glass to see it clearly. But the stones were old - perhaps 12,000 years old, it was estimated - and much of the hieroglyphics were difficult to make out or had been worn away by time and the elements. As he worked, many questions nagged the professor. How did these primitive people fashion these precise stones? How did they manage the almost microscopic writing? Who were they and what was the purpose of these hundreds of stones? Once the characters were transcribed, Dr. Tsum Um Nui began the arduous task of trying to decode its message. Eventually, he began to make progress. A word emerged. Then another. A phrase became understandable, then an entire sentence. He had broken the code. He discerned that the messages on the stones were written by a people who called themselves the Dropa. But what they were saying to him 12,000 years later made no sense. What the Dropa had written must have been one of their cultural myths, or was part of some prehistoric religious ceremony.

Or was it? When he had completed the translation as much as he could, the professor sat back in his chair in disbelief. The story the Dropa related was nothing short of astounding. How would his colleagues react? How might the world react if this story was true? The professor wrote up a paper on his findings and presented it to the university for publication. Their reaction was swift and emphatic: the paper would not be published. The Academy of Prehistory expressly forbade him to publish or even speak of his findings. The world, the academy decided, should not know about the Dropa and their fateful journey to Earth.

One of the disks Dr Tsum Um Nui's findings were eventually published, however. Just two years later, he published the paper entitled, "The Grooved Script Concerning Spaceships Which, as Recorded on the Discs, Landed on Earth 12,000 Years Ago." By some accounts, the academy relented and gave permission to the professor to publish the paper, and by other accounts he published it despite the official ban. In either case, his translation and his theory were met with ridicule by the archaeology establishment. The translation was just too shattering to be taken at face value or as an historical account. It just could not be true. It would change everything we know about our history and humankind's place in the universe.

What the Stones Reveal

The Dropa disks tell the story of a space probe from a distant planet that crash-landed in the Baian-Kara-Ula mountains of the Himalayas. The occupants of the spacecraft - the Dropa - found refuge in the caves of the mountains. Despite their peaceful intentions, the Dropa were misunderstood by members of the Ham tribe who were occupying neighboring caves and who hunted down the aliens and even killed some of them. A translation of one of the passages says: "The Dropa came down from the clouds in their aircraft. Our men, women, and children hid in the caves ten times before sunrise. When at last they understood the sign language of the Dropa, they realized that the newcomers had peaceful intentions...."

The stones go on to say how the Dropa were unable to repair their disabled spacecraft and could not return to their home planet, and so were stranded on Earth. If that's true, have their descendents survived?

Today, the isolated area is inhabited by two tribes of people who, in fact, call themselves the Dropa and the Han. Anthropologists have been unable to categorize either tribe into any other known race; they are neither Chinese nor Tibetan. Both tribes are of pygmy stature, adults measuring between 3-foot-6 and 4-foot-7 with an average height of 4-foot-2, and body weights of 38 to 52 pounds. They are yellow-skinned with thin bodies and disproportionately large heads, corresponding to the skeletal remains found in the caves in 1938. They have sparse hair on their bodies and have large eyes that are not Asian in aspect, but have pale blue irises.

Supposedly, there also is an ancient Chinese tale that might bear-out the Dropa's claims. The tale relates the story of a small, slender, yellow-skinned people who descended to the Earth from the clouds, and who were shunned by everyone because of their ugliness.

Strange Properties

In 1968, the Dropa stones came to the attention of W. Saitsew, a Russian scientist who re-published the findings of Tsum Um Nui and conducted tests on the disks that revealed some very peculiar properties. Physically, the granite stones contained high concentrations of cobalt and other metals - a very hard stone indeed that would have made it difficult for the primitive people to carve the lettering, especially with such minute characters. When testing a disk with an oscillograph, a surprising oscillation rhythm was recorded as if, the scientists said, they had once been electrically charged or had functioned as electrical conductors.

Whatever their true nature, origin, or meaning, the Dropa stones present an intriguing puzzle for archaeologists and anthropologists. Were the Dropa truly visitors from some distant planet, or is their story merely a creation myth imagined by a primitive culture? If the latter is true, it adds one more such "myth" to the large number of stories from ancient cultures that claim their descendents came to Earth from the heavens. And if the former is true, the Dropa stones could represent the first recorded visit of an alien civilization to our planet. For now, the Dropa stones remain unexplained.

 

October 6, 2006

Mysteries of Time and Space

LevitationA stage magician almost certainly engages in trickery in order to present the illusion that he can float through the air without any visible means of support, or cause a colleague to levitate so that she appears to remain motionless and horizontal while in a trance, three feet above the ground. How do they do it? Magicians tend to keep such professional secrets to themselves, and after all, if we all found out how it was done, there would be no entertainment value left.

St Teresa of AvilaYet would an innocent woman such as St Teresa of Avila engage in such trickery? That is most unlikely. How, then, did she perform such feats? so powerful were her regular levitations that she would have to be held down. It was as if she would lose weight for no apparent reason. Floating in this way was definitely not something she sought to achieve - rather, she was extremely fearful of the experience of defying the law of gravity.

Time, too, is replete with riddles; and the question as to whether reincarnation actually occurs remains a subject for debate. Some people are convinced about it. When, for instance, a certain Captain Flowerdew picked up a pink pebble from the beach as a child, he claims that it awoke in him a most startling memory of a desert city built of pinkish stone when he had died in battle centuries ago. However, although his recollection was detailed, he could not remember the name of the location, try as he might. Many years later, he happened to see a television program about the ancient pink-stoned city of Petra; and at once he knew that this was where he had been killed in a former life.

Perhaps even more surprisingly, some people claim occasionally to step far into the future. The experiences they undergo during such timeslips make for fascinating reading. So, too, do the many other mysteries of time and space -- such as how our universe was creates and black holes -- that make fascinating reading.

 

September 23, 2006

Mothman

The weird events connected to the Mothman began on November 12, 1966 near Clendenin, West Virginia. Five men were in the local cemetery that day, preparing a grave for a burial, when something that looked like a “brown human being” lifted off from some nearby trees and flew over their heads. The men were baffled. It did not appear to be a bird, but more like a man with wings. A few days later, more sightings would take place, electrifying the entire region.

On November 15 1966 four people were driving along a road in West Virginia in the USA. They slowed down as they saw a two-metre tall creature shaped like a man. It didn't seem to have a head "just two round, glowing red eyes near the top of its body".

The people in the car were terrified, and drove off at high speed. To their horror, the thing rose up on its bat-like wings and came after them. It followed their car for a long time, making a high squeaking noise.

Later that same night a man called Partridge was watching TV when suddenly the screen went blank and the TV began to make a strange high sound Outside the house Mr Partridge's dog, Bandit, began to howl. Mr Partridge went outside to see what was going on. What he saw filled him with fear: two huge red eyes were watching him. Bandit ran after the creature and wouldn't come back. Mr Partridge went to bed with his gun beside him.

In the morning Bandit still hadn't come back. He was never seen again. Soon the story got into the papers and the strange creature became known as the Mothman. In 1966 and 1967 more than a hundred people reported seeing it. There was something about Mothman that made even brave people frightened. People who had never seen Mothman tried to explain it away by saying that it was just a large bird. But the people who had seen it said that no bird ever looked like that.

It doesn't seem likely that Mothman was a hoax either, and so far no one has been able to explain what it was.

An eyewitness's sketch of Mothman
An eyewitness's sketch.
Scattered sightings continued for several years afterwards. In 1968, especially, a number of hairy humanoids with glowing eyes were seen on Jerrico Road. And on September 18, people in the TNT Area supposedly saw Mothman once more--putting in his last appearance, it seems.

In late 1966, when the Mothman reports started to die down, other phenomena started up in the area. Several UFOs were seen near Point Pleasant, animals were mutilated in surrounding areas, and Mothman witnesses reported poltergeist and "men in black" phenomena. This has led many a researcher to speculate on a connection between Mothman and UFOs.

But no discussion of the Mothman phenomenon would be complete without recounting the story of the Silver Bridge. On the evening of December 15, 1967, the Silver Bridge, which crossed the Ohio River at Point Pleasant, collapsed in rush-hour traffic. Over forty-six cars fell into the river. It was the biggest disaster ever to hit Point Pleasant.

Of course, it was only a matter of time before people began to connect this disaster with the Mothman sightings. Was Mothman some sort of warning sign of the impending disaster? Was the entire saga somehow connected with the UFOs seen in the area?

Mothman, based on an eyewitness account
 

September 17, 2006

Crop Circles

Crop CirclesOne moonlit night in 1999 a 19-year-old Dutch boy named Robert woke up and looked out of his window. He saw a pinkish-purple light about the size of a football. It was moving along the field behind his house.

As Robert watched, the light stopped in mid air. It started to spread out, growing thinner and thinner. soon it was like a thin, flat plate about 10 metres across. It stayed there for about ten seconds and suddenly it was gone.

Robert put on his clothes and went running out to the field. There in the wheat was a 10-metre crop circle. This crop circle is just one of hundreds that are found in fields every year.

A crop circle is a big pattern of circles in a field of wheat or other grain. The stalks of wheat are not cut or broken to make the pattern, they are just bent so that they lie flat on the ground. They can still go on growing. The circles stay there until the farmer harvests the crop.

Crop CirclesPeople began finding crop circles in England in the 1980s. Now they have been found in 20 different countries. At first the circles were just simple shapes in the grain. Then the patterns became bigger and more interesting. One found in England in 1997 had 198 circles. In 1999 a very big one was found in Italy. It was in a crop of corn in Milan and was more than one kilometre long.

From 1970 to 1999 more than 8000 crop circles were found. People argue a lot about how crop circles are made. Some think they are made by visitors from space. They think the crop circles are messages from aliens who are trying to tell us something. Other people say that a whirlwind made the first simple circles, then people copied the idea and made bigger and better patterns. They believe that all these big, beautiful crop circles are hoaxes. Many people have owned up to making crop circles as a joke. They drag a heavy board along by a rope to flatten the grain.

Crop CirclesScientists have taken wheat stalks out of crop circles and tested them. They say that the stalk seems to have been heated by microwaves. This would make the stalk soft enough to fall over. Flies and other insects have been found dead and stuck to the grain as if cooked.

People like Robert sometimes see strange lights just before crop circles are found. Maybe these lights are making the circles by giving off microwaves. Sometimes in the area inside a crop circle, watches, radios and video cameras will stop because the batteries won't work. Outside the circle they'll start again.

Crop CirclesPeople who have seen strange lights over the fields say that the crop circles are made in just a few seconds, but we can't say that about all crop circles because we just don't know. Most of them are made at night and are not found until the next day.

Are they works of art or messages from aliens? It's hard to tell. Perhaps only those who make them know the answer.

 

September 16, 2006

Ball Lightning

Ball LightningA man was sitting in his home in Paris, France, when he heard a noise like thunder. Suddenly a ball of fire came down his chimney and out of the fireplace. It was as big as his head. As it came towards him he quickly ducked out of its way. Even though it glowed like a fire, he couldn't feel any heat from it.

The strange ball went into the middle of the room, then back to the fireplace and up the chimney again. Just before it got to the top, it went off with a bang and broke the chimney pot.

This happened in 1852 and is one of many stories told about the strange balls of fire that people called ball lightning.

In 1984 a plane was flying over the Black Sea. All at once, in front of the plane there was a glowing ball a bit bigger than a cricket ball. There was a loud noise and the glowing ball disappeared. Then suddenly there it was again but now it was inside the plane. It had gone through the metal wall without making a hole or even leaving a mark.

The people on the plane were amazed as the ball flew slowly above their heads. They watched as it broke in half and then joined up again. Then it went quietly out of the plane, back through the wall and out of sight.

ball lightning at nightBall lightning can be seen indoors and outdoors. Sometimes it appears when there is lightning and thunder about, but not always. The ball can be from one centimetre to one metre wide. It shines like a light bulb and does not seem to give off much heat. It moves around as if it has a life of its own. The colour of the ball can be red, orange, white, blue or purple.

One of the first people to study ball lightning was a Russian, G W Richman. In 1954 he was out in a storm looking at the lightning, when a small, bright blue ball floated up to his face. He was very excited, and thought this was his big chance to get a close look at ball lightning. But with a huge noise the ball blew up and Mr Richman was killed. His friend who was standing nearby, was knocked out.

Some people think the ball lightning is something to do with spaceships but other people laugh at that idea. Nobody really knows what ball lightning is. Scientists are studying it and trying to find out. They think it could be made of plasma, the same stuff stars are made of. They hope that one day it could be used to make cheap electricity.

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